MORE POSTS
November 03, 2025
Fresh insights from old data: corroborating reports of Turkmenistan IP unblocking and firewall testing
Cloudflare used historical data to investigate reports of potential new firewall tests in Turkmenistan. Shifts in TCP resets/timeouts across ASNs corroborate large-scale network control system changes.
...
October 30, 2025
Beyond IP lists: a registry format for bots and agents
We propose an open registry format for Web Bot Auth to move beyond IP-based identity. This allows any origin to discover and verify cryptographic keys for bots, fostering a decentralized and more trustworthy ecosystem....
October 30, 2025
Anonymous credentials: rate-limiting bots and agents without compromising privacy
As AI agents change how the Internet is used, they create a challenge for security. We explore how Anonymous Credentials can rate limit agent traffic and block abuse without tracking users or compromising their privacy....
October 29, 2025
Measuring characteristics of TCP connections at Internet scale
Researchers and practitioners have been studying connections almost as long as the Internet that supports them. Today, Cloudflare’s global network receives millions of connections per second. We explore various characteristics of TCP connections, including lifetimes, sizes, and m...
October 29, 2025
One IP address, many users: detecting CGNAT to reduce collateral effects
IPv4 scarcity drives widespread use of Carrier-Grade Network Address Translation, a practice in ISPs and mobile networks that places many users behind each IP address, along with their collected activity and volumes of traffic. We introduce the method we’ve developed to detect la...
October 29, 2025
How to build your own VPN, or: the history of WARP
WARP’s initial implementation resembled a VPN that allows Internet access through it. Here’s how we built it – and how you can, too. ...
October 29, 2025
Defending QUIC from acknowledgement-based DDoS attacks
We identified and patched two DDoS vulnerabilities in our QUIC implementation related to packet acknowledgements. Cloudflare customers were not affected. We examine the "Optimistic ACK" attack vector and our solution, which dynamically skips packet numbers to validate client beha...
October 29, 2025
So long, and thanks for all the fish: how to escape the Linux networking stack
Many products at Cloudflare aren’t possible without pushing the limits of network hardware and software to deliver improved performance, increased efficiency, or novel capabilities such as soft-unicast, our method for sharing IP subnets across data centers. Happily, most people d...
October 28, 2025
State of the post-quantum Internet in 2025
Today over half of human-initiated traffic with Cloudflare is protected against harvest-now/decrypt-later with post-quantum encryption. What once was a cool science project, is the new security baseline for the Internet. We’re not done yet: in this blog post we’ll take measure wh...
October 28, 2025
Keeping the Internet fast and secure: introducing Merkle Tree Certificates
Cloudflare is launching an experiment with Chrome to evaluate fast, scalable, and quantum-ready Merkle Tree Certificates, all without degrading performance or changing WebPKI trust relationships....
October 28, 2025
A framework for measuring Internet resilience
We present a data-driven framework to quantify cross-layer Internet resilience. We also share a list of measurements with which to quantify facets of Internet resilience for geographical areas....
October 27, 2025
The tricky science of Internet measurement
The Internet is one big open system composed of many closed boxes — which makes measuring the Internet difficult. In this post we explore Internet measurement as a science....
October 27, 2025
From .com to .anything: introducing Top-Level Domain (TLD) insights on Cloudflare Radar
Cloudflare Radar has launched a new Top-Level Domain (TLD) page, providing insights into TLD popularity, traffic, and security. The top-ranking TLD may come as a surprise....
October 27, 2025
Data at Cloudflare scale: some insights on measurement for 1,111 interns
While large cloud providers hold vast troves of passive network data, analyzing them is complicated. The scale, noise, and absence of definitive ground truth all create major hurdles. Yet by carefully quantifying these constraints and finding alternative forms of evidence, meanin...
October 27, 2025
Making the Internet observable: the evolution of Cloudflare Radar
Cloudflare Radar has evolved significantly since its 2020 launch, offering deeper insights into Internet security, routing, and traffic with new tools and data that help anyone understand what's happening online....